Association of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions to Reduce the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 With Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms: A Multi-National Study of 43 Countries
MCML Authors
Frauke Kreuter
Prof. Dr.
Principal Investigator
Abstract
Frauke Kreuter
Prof. Dr.
Principal Investigator
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the association of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) with anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults and determine if these associations varied by gender and age.<br>Methods: We combined survey data from 16,177,184 adults from 43 countries who participated in the daily COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey via Facebook with time-varying NPI data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker between 24 April 2020 and 20 December 2020. Using logistic regression models, we examined the association of [1] overall NPI stringency and [2] seven individual NPIs (school closures, workplace closures, cancellation of public events, restrictions on the size of gatherings, stay-at-home requirements, restrictions on internal movement, and international travel controls) with anxiety and depressive symptoms.<br>Results: More stringent implementation of NPIs was associated with a higher odds of anxiety and depressive symptoms, albeit with very small effect sizes. Individual NPIs had heterogeneous associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms by gender and age.<br>Conclusion: Governments worldwide should be prepared to address the possible mental health consequences of stringent NPI implementation with both universal and targeted interventions for vulnerable groups.
article RBW+22
International Journal of Public Health
67. Mar. 2022.
Authors
K. E. Riehm • E. Badillo Goicoechea • F. M. Wang • E. Kim • L. R. Aldridge • C. P. Lupton-Smith • R. Presskreischer • T.-H. Chang • S. LaRocca • F. Kreuter • E. A. StuartLinks
DOIResearch Area
BibTeXKey: RBW+22