In a typical Bayesian inference problem, the data likelihood is not known. However, in recent years, machine learning methods for density estimation can allow for inference using an estimator of the data likelihood. This likelihood estimator is fit with neural networks that are trained on simulations to maximise the likelihood of the simulation-parameter pairs - one of the many available tools for Simulation Based Inference (SBI), (Cranmer et al., 2020)...
article HF25a
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